Marine Biosecurity Toolkit: Biofouling Assessment Guidance

Abstract

Preventing the arrival, establishment and spread of marine non-indigenous species (NIS) is most cost- and time- effective during the transport stage. Vessels can accumulate biofouling (attached aquatic plants and animals) and spread them beyond their natural range. If conditions are suitable for survival in the new location, marine NIS can cause serious ecological, economic, social, and sometimes human health impacts. Fouling organisms accumulate naturally on the hull and other submerged structures of commercial and recreational vessels in marine environments. The growth of biofouling is managed through regular cleaning of these surfaces and the application of antifouling coatings to prevent the attachment and growth of biofouling organisms. To prevent new marine NIS from becoming established in local ports and harbours it is important to have techniques to quantify the number of vessels that carry biofouling and the abundance of marine organisms on individual vessels.