Assessment of the effectiveness of Transonic ESP and Yard Guard ultrasonic devices for repelling stoats (Mustela erminea)

Abstract

The Department of Conservation, West Coast, requested Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, to test the effectiveness of two ultrasonic devices, Transonic ESP and Yard Gard, for repelling captive stoats (Mustela erminea) from a food source. If they repelled stoats, ultrasonic devices could be used to protect nesting birds such as kiwi (Apterygiformes), penguins (Sphenisciformes), and petrels (Procellariiformes) and their eggs and chicks from predation.